Different Encryption Methods

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There are a variety of encryption methods, each developed for a specific purpose. Each requires a key, and each has an algorithm to convert raw data into an encrypted form that is known as ciphertext. Additionally, there are several encryption modes that determine how pieces of ciphertext are connected to one another.

The most basic method of encryption is symmetric key encryption. This type of encryption was utilized in email programs and to secure communications during World War II, as depicted by the movie The Imitation Game. A symmetric encryption algorithm is one that takes the plain text message, jumbles it with mathematical permutations before encrypting it using the same secret code that was used to encode the message. The key is usually only used once, and must be secure after the message is decrypted.

Other types of encryption include asymmetric and public-key cryptography. RSA is the most popular public-key encryption algorithm. Its security is due to the difficulty of factoring large prime numbers. The Diffie-Hellman Protocol is another popular encryption technique that is asymmetric. It employs the same method to secure the exchange of keys.

Triple DES is a symmetric encryption method that encrypts blocks of data three times with the Data Encryption Standard cypher. This method is used to secure ATM PINs and UNIX passwords. Triple DES is slow, however it offers adequate security against hackers. A more modern method of encryption is Elliptic Curve Cryptography, which offers much higher security without the need for more keys. This method is used in SSL and TLS protocols to encrypt web-based communications.