JACKSON AVW (1938) The fresh new identity out-of Mani, the maker of Manichaeism

Haj, Disability in the Antiquity, q

Log of your own Western China Neighborhood 58: 235-40. Heading representations from Mani or Manes, c. 216-276 Le, is actually discussed, having idea of tradition noted by al-Nadim (creating c. 987 Le) one to Mani is lame in legs or even in his best base. You to definitely community was backed by retranslation away from a phrase inside the the Pahlavi Denkart (3.2 hundred, 1-13) (look for Dinkard, above), using the identity ‘broken’ or ‘crippled’ in order to Mani (pick below, al-Nadim, Fihrist, pp. 773, 794).

Here, according to Michael Dols, he chatted about “actual infirmities eg body conditions, lameness, paralysis, and you may deafness and private characteristics eg balding, leanness, and ugliness

Al-JAHIZ (Abu Othman Amr bin Bahr). Al-Barsan wal-Argan wal-Umyan wal-Hawlan [The fresh Lepers, the newest Lame, the Blind, and also the Squinting], ed. Abdel-Salam Haroun (1998). Cairo. Al-Jahiz (776-868) is a respected, influential and you will significantly unattractive journalist that have ‘goggle eyes’ (jahiz), on Basra (now for the Iraq), whose work could have been much cited along the Arab industry. ” His aim would be to demonstrate that “actual infirmities and you may distinct features do not obstruct one regarding becoming a fully energetic member of the latest Muslim area or bar your away from very important offices. Al-Jahiz handled one actual conditions aren’t social stigmas however they are exactly what may be called signs and symptoms of divine blessing or prefer.” (Meters Dols, 1983, The fresh leper during the Medieval Islamic community. Speculum 58: 891-916, on the p. 901) Even after his or her own connection with negative social responses, al-Jahiz in just one of their most useful-recognized work, ‘The Miracle out of Creation’, had written harshly from the social aspects of deafness. Besides the deaf person’s loss of songs, “People are bored stiff in his team and then he is a burden on them. He or she is struggling to listen to any of the people’s reports and you will conversations. Regardless of if introduce it is as though the guy have been missing, and although alive it is as if the guy were inactive.” (cited because of the F. v., p. 159). See second issues. Yet another commentator cards you to “Al-Barsan wal-Argan. ” is among the most tough functions by Jahiz, and its matter is virtually novel in the historical Arabic literary works. (Around will not be seemingly an enthusiastic English interpretation offered at present).

JAIN, Jagdish C (1947) Lifetime for the Ancient India since the Portrayed regarding Jain Canons. Bombay: The fresh Guide Company. Diseases and cures, and additionally certain disabilities, from Jaina supplies (pp. 178-81). Those with handicaps, including rational retardation, try excluded out of joining spiritual instructions (194). Select Tattvartha Sutra, below; plus 2nd a couple of situations).

[JAINA Texts] Gaina Sutras translated off Prakrit, transl. Hermann Jacobi, dos vols, (1884 and you can 1895), SBE 22 & forty five, Oxford: Clarendon. [The brand new SBE series made use of an italicised ‘G’ in the place of ‘J’, for sure factors. Here ‘Gaina’ could have been reinserted on regular alphabetical purchase to have convenience.] – This new Akaranga Sutra (from inside the vol. I), out of perhaps the 5th century Le https://internationalwomen.net/no/blog/japanske-datingsider/, provided classes to possess an excellent holy and you may innocuous lifetime. Handicap and you can disability are available, e.grams. “for the deterioration of the perceptions of the ear, eyes, organs from smelling, tasting, touching, a guy becomes aware of the fresh decline of lifetime” (vol. I: p. 15) [Bk We (2) 1]. Good fresh fruit off incorrect acts during the before existence was: “Boils and you will leprosy, practices, shedding sickness, blindness and firmness, lameness and you can humpbackedness, Dropsy and you will dumbness, look! apoplexy (?) and eye-disease, trembling and crippledness, elephantiasis and you can diabetes, These are the sixteen disease enumerated within the due buy; along with all of them of several illnesses and you may wounds can be found.” (I: 54) [Bk We (6) 1.] Yet best-inclined people should take care to explore inoffensive terms whenever meeting a person with instance conditions. It “cannot talk of them like this: ‘He has comes otherwise leprosy, etc [adding the fresh terms revealed over]; their hands is slashed, otherwise his ft, nostrils, ear, lip are reduce.’ For because the all the such people, spoken in order to in such words, be mad, and therefore, considering really, they need to not speak with all of them such words.” (I: 152-53) [Bk II, (4) dos.] – The latest Uttaradhyayana Sutra (in Vol. II) along with notes handicap which have ageing, “When your human body develops dated, along with your hair transforms light, the effectiveness of the ears minimizes”, also into attention, nostrils, tongue, reach (II: p. 44) [part X]. – The fresh new Sutrakritanga Sutra (within the Vol. II) states when you look at the passing new “blind-born guy” (p. 243), and you may “guys which walk-on crutches” (p. 269). Monks hankering just after relationship is informed of the awful disablement off that condition: are ordered in the away from start right until midnight of the wife, in addition to remainder of the night calming newborns and you can laundry their nappies (pp. 275-78). Monks just who be a part of sensual delights is guaranteed nonetheless bad vexation after they die; following they “could well be created deaf-and-dumb, otherwise blind [footnote: sometimes blind by delivery, otherwise absolutely dumb otherwise ignorant], otherwise stupid by the birth.” (p. 363; similar with the pp. 367, 430) [Bk dos (2); and you may dos (7)].